Gambling and Addiction
Gambling is the wagering of something of value on a random event, with the intent of winning something else of value. Instances of strategy are discounted. It thus requires three elements: consideration, risk, and a prize. Gambling can take place in public or private settings and for a variety of reasons, such as recreation, social interaction, or competition. Some forms of gambling are more dangerous than others, and can result in serious health consequences. In addition to the physical dangers of gambling, the psychological effects can be damaging as well.
The underlying psychology of gambling has undergone significant change over time, reflecting in part changes in understanding of addictive disorders in general. These changes have been reflected in, or stimulated by, the evolving clinical classification and description of pathological gambling in the various editions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM).
A growing role exists for the evaluation of patients’ gambling behaviors in primary care settings. This is because gambling is a legal, non-drug activity that may be associated with a range of health risks and can be considered as an addiction. This article discusses the rationale for viewing pathological gambling as an addiction, reviews evidence for this, and considers screening strategies and treatment options.
Some theorists have pointed out that gambling offers rewards that are similar to those obtained from substance use, including sensation-seeking and a desire for novelty. They also suggest that the greater the size of the reward, the more resistant to extinction is the behavior, which may encourage a gambler to continue to gamble in the hope that they will eventually win a large jackpot.
Another reason why people gamble is to escape boredom, or as a way to relieve unpleasant feelings such as stress, anxiety, or depression. However, these problems can often be worsened by compulsive gambling, and it is important to seek help for underlying mood disorders.
For some, the hardest thing to do is admit that they have a gambling problem. This can be especially difficult if the problem has led to financial ruin and/or strained or broken relationships. But it is essential to make the effort, because the only real cure for a gambling problem is recovery. To help someone overcome a gambling addiction, start by setting financial boundaries and taking control of family finances; reviewing bank and credit card statements; and speaking to a counselor. Then find healthy ways to cope with stress, anxiety, and depression, such as exercising, spending time with friends who don’t gamble, or practicing relaxation techniques. If you’re having trouble coping with a gambling problem, BetterHelp can connect you with a licensed therapist who can help. Get started by taking our assessment and get matched with a therapist in as little as 48 hours. Start recovering today.